Portugal

Portugal, on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula, may be compact, but it offers a wealth of varied landscapes and a long, storied Atlantic coastline. From the dramatic golden cliffs and beaches of the Algarve in the south to the terraced vineyards of the Douro Valley, the granite mountains of the Serra da Estrela, and the wild surf coasts that draw surfers from around the world, the mainland packs in beaches, mountains, and river valleys.

Beyond the mainland lie the lush volcanic islands of the Azores — a paradise of crater lakes, hot springs, and whale watching in the mid-Atlantic — and Madeira, with its rugged peaks and levada walking trails. With a mild climate, rich maritime history, and renowned food and wine, Portugal is a hugely rewarding outdoor and cultural destination.

Surf and hike the Algarve and Atlantic coasts, cruise and wine-taste the Douro Valley, walk Madeira's levada trails and peaks, hike the volcanic crater lakes and whale-watch in the Azores, and explore the Serra da Estrela mountains and historic towns.

Spring and autumn are ideal across the mainland, with warm, pleasant weather; summer is hot and busy on the Algarve coast. The Azores are mild and green year-round (best for whales spring to autumn), and Madeira enjoys an 'eternal spring' climate.

Portugal's wildlife includes the Iberian lynx (being reintroduced), wolves and deer in the northern mountains, and rich marine life — the Azores are among the best places in the world for whale and dolphin watching, with sperm whales and many other species.

Mainland Portugal ranges from the granite and schist mountains of the interior (Serra da Estrela is the highest) to the river valleys of the Douro and Tagus and the Atlantic coastal plains, while the Azores and Madeira are volcanic islands rising from the Atlantic, the Azores still volcanically active.

One of the oldest nation-states in Europe, established in 1143, Portugal launched the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, its explorers charting sea routes around Africa to Asia and the Americas and building a vast maritime empire, leaving a legacy of global exploration and a distinctive culture.

Portuguese culture is steeped in its seafaring past, expressed in the soulful music of fado, azulejo tiles, a renowned cuisine of seafood and pastries, port and Douro wines, and the relaxed, welcoming character of its coastal and rural communities.

Visit the mainland in spring or autumn to avoid summer crowds and heat, surf the Atlantic coasts, and wine-taste in the Douro. Don't overlook the Azores and Madeira for spectacular volcanic nature and whale watching; the food and wine are highlights everywhere.